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1.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 54(1): 68-76, 20220330. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395745

ABSTRACT

Infecções respiratórias virais estão entre as principais causas globais de adoecimento de acordo com o estado de saúde e o microbioma do indivíduo. O objetivo dessa revisão foi identificar possíveis efeitos associados à suplementação de probióticos em infecções respiratórias virais. Para tanto, realizou-se uma busca sistematizada nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, Scopus e PubMed partindo da hipótese de que a intervenção clínica baseada na suplementação de probióticos reduz a gravidade dos sinais/ sintomas de infecções virais. Foram identificados 585 artigos dos quais foram selecionados 16 para compor a síntese descritiva deste artigo. O uso de probióticos como terapêutica na infecção respiratória tem capacidade de melhorar o quadro clínico do paciente por meio de: (i) modulação da resposta imune, (ii) melhora da resposta específica, (iii) produção de bacteriocinas, (iv) melhora na integridade de mucosas, (v) redução do número de cópias virais.


Viral respiratory infections are among the main global causes of illness according to the individual's health status and microbiome. The objective of this review was to identify possible effects associated with probiotic supplementation in viral respiratory infections. Therefore, a systematic search was carried out in the Google Academic, Scopus and PubMed databases, based on the hypothesis that clinical intervention based on supplementation of probiotics reduces the severity of signs/symptoms of viral infections. 585 articles were identified, of which 16 were selected to compose the descriptive synthesis of this article. The use of probiotics as therapeutics in respiratory infection is able to improve the patient's clinical condition through: (i) modulation of the immune response, (ii) improvement of the specific response, (iii) production of bacteriocins, (iv) improvement in mucosal integrity, (v) reduction in the number of viral copies.


Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Infections , Virus Diseases , Probiotics , Bacteriocins , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Antigens, Viral
2.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 40: e2020479, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406939

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the current literature on the relationship between sleep, nutritional status and eating behavior, as well as mechanisms associated with these elements in children. Data source: The literature research was conducted in the PubMed, LILACS and Scopus databases, using the following terms: "Child"; "Nutritional status"; "Sleep"; "Physical activity OR Physical activities OR Exercise". The articles included were those that met the research objective. Review articles, letters to authors, or guidelines were excluded. Data synthesis: 402 articles were initially found in the literature search. After careful analyses of the title and abstract, and application of inclusion criteria, only 24 studies were included in the present review. Most studies (n=13) suggest that short sleep duration (<9-10 hours/night) is associated with overweight/obesity in children. Only three studies did not show associations between overweight/obesity and sleep variables. Short sleep duration is also associated with poor food quality, higher intake of soft drinks and stimulant beverages before bedtime, as well as micronutrient deficiency. Conclusions: Sleep duration is related to overweight and obesity development in infants. Changes in dietary pattern are also related to sleep debt, being one of the mechanisms that contribute to excessive weight gain. It is necessary that health professionals understand the importance of sleep quality in the nutritional status maintenance in children.


RESUMO Objetivo: Fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre a relação entre sono, estado nutricional e padrão alimentar, bem como mecanismos associados, na população infantil. Fontes de dados: Foram realizadas buscas bibliográficas nas bases PubMed, LILACS e Scopus, usando os seguintes descritores: "Child"; "Nutritional status"; "Sleep"; "Physical activity OR Physical activities OR Exercise". Os artigos que atenderam ao objetivo da pesquisa foram incluídos. Excluíram-se estudos de revisão, cartas para autores ou diretrizes. Síntese dos dados: Inicialmente, 402 artigos foram encontrados na pesquisa. Após análise dos títulos e abstracts e a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, 24 estudos foram selecionados para a revisão. A maioria dos estudos (n=13) sugere que sono de curta duração (<9-10 horas/noite) está associado com sobrepeso/obesidade na população infantil. Apenas três artigos não reportaram associações entre variáveis do sono e estado nutricional. Curta duração do sono também foi associada a hábitos alimentares ruins, maior consumo de refrigerantes e bebidas estimulantes antes de deitar, bem como deficiência de micronutrientes. Conclusões: A duração do sono tem relação com sobrepeso e obesidade na população infantil. Alterações no padrão alimentar também têm relação com débito de sono, sendo um dos mecanismos que contribuem para o ganho de peso excessivo. É necessário que os profissionais de saúde tomem conhecimento da importância da qualidade do sono para a manutenção do estado nutricional em crianças.

3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 61(3): 257-262, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887559

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the applicability of predictive equations for resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the effects of OSA severity on REE. Materials and methods Twenty-nine obese men, 41.5 ± 7 years old, with moderate and severe OSA were recruited. All subjects were submitted to a clinical polysomnography, body composition, and indirect calorimetry measurements. REE was also predicted by three different equations: Harris and Benedict (1919), Cunningham (1990), and DRI (2002). Results No effects of OSA severity on REE were found. The measured REE (2416.0 ± 447.1 kcal/day) and the REE predicted by equations were different from each other (F = 2713.88; p < 0.05): Harris and Benedict (2128.0 ± 245.8 kcal/day), Cunningham (1789.1 ± 167.8 kcal/day) and DRI (2011.1 ± 181.4 kcal/day). Pearson correlations showed a moderate positive correlation between the REE measured and predicted by all equations. Conclusion Our findings suggest that predictive equations for REE underestimate the energy expenditure in obese patients with sleep apnea. Also, no effects of OSA severity on REE were found.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Rest/physiology , Algorithms , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/metabolism , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/metabolism , Reference Values , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Body Composition/physiology , Calorimetry, Indirect/methods , Anthropometry , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Polysomnography , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology
4.
Motriz rev. educ. fís. (Impr.) ; 22(4): 346-352, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829275

ABSTRACT

Abstract BACKGROUND: Physical exercise may contribute to changes in eating behavior. AIMS: to investigate eating behavior and reported energy intake in physically active individuals. METHODS: Thirty-nine healthy adults of both sexes, who were involved in physical fitness training, were enrolled to participate in the study. A food diary and the TFEQ-21 was used for energy intake measurementandeating behaviors identification. RESULTS: All participants showed acceptable levels of all evaluated behaviors: Cognitive restraint (46.58±16.4 and 49.5±20.0), Emotional eating (8.12±12.5 and 40.8±26.7),and Uncontrolled eating (21.6±15.1 and 35.6±20.9) in men and women, respectively. Uncontrolled eating was associated with increased carbohydate intake for women, andfat-free masscontent was associated with less Emotional eating only in men. There were no differences in energy and macronutrient consumption between training and non-training days. CONCLUSION: Regular physical exercise is associateto bettereating behaviors, but women mayfind it harder to maintain or lose weight due to higher levels of emotional eating.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Exercise/physiology , Exercise/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology
5.
Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum ; 13(6): 415-421, nov.-dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-606690

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar e discutir o estado nutricional de idosas, de acordo com diferentes categorias de IMC. Adicionalmente, objetivou-se introduzir a análise vetorial de bioimpedância (BIVA) como ferramenta na avaliação do estado nutricional. Trinta e duas mulheres (60 anos ou mais, fisicamente independentes e nível moderado de atividade física), foram distribuídas em três grupos de acordo com a classificação do IMC: G1 (IMC<23kg/m²); G2 (23

The objective of the present study was to compare and discuss the nutritional status of older women according to different categories of BMI. Additionally, the study was aimed at introducing the bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) as a tool to assess the nutritional status. Thirty-two women (60 years or older, physically independent, and with moderate level of physical activity) were divided into three groups according to BMI classification: G1 (BMI<23 Kg/m²); G2 (23

6.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 44(2): 185-192, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-488715

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do exercício físico em um programa de emagrecimento. Durante 12 semanas, 22 mulheres obesas (IMC>30 kg/m²) foram submetidas a um programa de exercícios físicos. Ao início e ao final do programa foram avaliados: IMC, circunferências da cintura (CC) e do quadril (CQ), e a relação cintura/quadril (RCQ); composição corporal por DEXA; hemoglobina, eritrócitos, colesterol total, HDL, LDL, triacilgliceróis e glicose; potência aeróbia. Ao final do programa, os valores de potência aeróbia, hemácias e eritrócitos foram significativamente elevados, comprovando os efeitos do treinamento. Nos valores de antropometria e composição corporal, apenas os valores relacionados à gordura visceral (CC, CQ e RCQ) sofreram redução significativa. O exercício mostrou-se um importante coadjuvante nos processos de emagrecimento, não por promover redução da massa corporal total, mas em diminuir fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas.


This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on body weight reduction. For 12 weeks, 22 obese women (BMI>30 kg/m²) were submitted to a physical exercise program. At the beginning and at the final of the program there were evaluated: BMI, waist (WC) and hip circumferences (HC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR); body composition by DEXA; hemoglobin and erythrocyte, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL, triacylglycerol and blood glucose; aerobic power. At the final of the program, aerobic power, hemoglobin and erythrocyte values were significantly increased, confirming the physical training effects. Related to anthropometric values, only the visceral fat (WC, HC and WHR) were reduced. The exercise shows to be an important supporting in the body weight loss program, not exactly promoting body weight loss, but lowering risk factors to develop chronic diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Exercise , Health Promotion , Obesity , Chronic Disease
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(3): 452-464, abr. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482574

ABSTRACT

A obesidade, apesar de intensamente estudada nos últimos anos, ainda apresenta muitas controvérsias, entre elas a sua relação com o gasto energético (GE). O presente estudo representa uma revisão da literatura procurando abordar: as técnicas existentes para avaliação do GE, com suas vantagens e limitações e as relações existentes entre GE e a obesidade. O GE pode ser avaliado por métodos calorimétricos, espectrométricos, ou mesmo por questionários. De acordo com os objetivos e as possibilidades da pesquisa, todas as técnicas apresentam pontos positivos e limitações. Os indivíduos obesos têm sido apontados como "econômicos", do ponto de vista metabólico, ou seja, gastariam menos energia do que os não obesos. Essa economia tem sido investigada a partir de cada componente do GE diário (GED) (GE de repouso, efeito termogênico à alimentação ou GE da atividade física) e os resultados são bastante controversos. Paralelamente às análises do GE em humanos, estudos moleculares têm auxiliado no esclarecimento desse tema tão complexo. Diferentes hormônios, especialmente os secretados pelo adipócito, bem como proteínas específicas em vários tipos de células, têm auxiliado na compreensão do GE corporal. Muitos estudos ainda são necessários, e é importante que se padronizem as técnicas, de maneira que se permita maior reprodutibilidade dos resultados.


Despite many studies in the last years, obesity still needs more investigation, including its relation with energetic expenditure (EE). This manuscript consisted of a review considering: the existing techniques to measure EE, showing their advantages and limitations and modifications in EE due to obesity. EE can be evaluated by calorimetric methods, spectroscopic methods, or by questionnaires. According to the research’s objectives and possibilities, all techniques present advantages and limitations. Obese individuals have been recognized as "economics" in metabolic point of view, which means that they are able to expend little energy, compared to non-obese individuals. This economy has been investigated in many aspects. They have been analyzed every component of daily energetic expenditure (resting EE, thermogenic response to feeding and EE by physical activity), and the results are controversial, mainly because of the lack on standardization of procedures and techniques. Together with evaluation of EE in humans, molecular studies have contributed to clarify many aspects. They have been identified hormones and cellular proteins located in different kinds of cells. Studies are still necessary, and it is imperative to standardize the procedures and techniques to allow the reproducibility of the results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Body Composition/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Adipose Tissue , Basal Metabolism , Body Mass Index , Calorimetry, Indirect , Energy Intake/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Thermogenesis , Weight Loss/physiology
8.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 26(3): 79-94, 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-559710

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: comparar os parâmetros de leptina e IGF-I entre mulheres idosas e jovens, buscando justificativa para algumas variáveis antropométricas e dietéticas. MÉTODOS: dezoito mulheres divididas em dois grupos: I= idosas (mais de 60 anos) e J= jovens (entre 20-30 anos). Parâmetros avaliados: IMC, circunferência de cintura e bioimpedância; três diários alimentares; nível de atividade física (IPAQ versão curta); lipídeos plasmáticos e concentrações de hormônios (leptina e IGF-I). RESULTADOS: O grupo I apresentou maiores valores de IMC, circunferência de cintura e porcentagem de gordura. A leptina correlacionou-se positiva e significativamente com o peso da gordura (r=0,739; p<0,01) e circunferência da cintura (r=0,735; p<0,01). Para lipídeos plasmáticos, o grupo I foi maior que o grupo J (Col-T: t=3,823; p=0,001; LDL-C: t=3,129; p=0,006; VLVL: t=7,000; p=0,003; TG: t=3,525; p=0,003). CONCLUSÃO: embora o presente estudo tenha sido realizado com um pequeno número de indivíduos, as alterações metabólicas conseqüentes ao envelhecimento, parecem ser explicadas pelo diferente comportamento de leptina.


OBJECTIVE: to compare the parameters of leptin and IGF-I between aged and young women, trying to justify some anthropometrics and dietetics variables. METHODS: 18 women divided in two groups: aged – A (more than 60 years) and young – J (between 20-30 years). It was evaluated: anthropometrics variables (BMI, waist circumference and electric bioimpedance); diet evaluation by food diary; physical activity level (IPAQ), biochemistry evaluation of blood and some hormones concentrations (leptin and IGF-I). RESULTS: “A” group howed higher values for BMI, waist circumference and dietary fat when compared to “J” group. The predicted values for energy intake was higher of the real intake, as much in the absolute values (t=4,76, p=0,00) as in relation of body weight (t=4,987,p=0,00). The leptin levels were positive and significantly correlated with body fat (r=0,739, p>0,01) and waist circumference (r=0,735;p<0,01), and this significance was maintained only for the “A” group (r=0,726; p<0,05). Leptin and IGF-I were significantly correlated with “Y” group (r= 0,718; p<0,05). To the serum lipids, group A was higher than Y (Col-T: t=3,823; p=0,001; LDL-C: t=3,129; p=0,006; VLVL: t=7,000; p=0,003; TG: t=3,525; p=0,003). CONCLUSION: despite the reduced number of studied individuals, the metabolic alterations showed in aged women, compared to the young, could be explained by leptin’s behavior....


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aging , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Leptin , Anthropometry , Energy Metabolism
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